Formate hi carbon-neutral bioeconomy hnungzang anga ngaih theih a ni a, CO2 atanga siam niin (electro)chemical method hmanga siam niin enzymatic cascade emaw engineered microorganisms hmanga value-added product-ah a chantir a ni. Synthetic formate assimilation tihpunna atana thil pawimawh tak chu formaldehyde thermodynamically complex reduction a ni a, hei hi hetah hian yellow color change angin a lang a ni. A rilru a hah lutuk chuan a rilru a buai em em a, a rilru a hah lutuk chuan a rilru a buai em em bawk a. Max Planck/Geisel.
Max Planck Institute-a scientist-te chuan formic acid hmangin carbon dioxide chu formaldehyde-ah a chantir thei tur synthetic metabolic pathway an siam a, hei hian thil hlu tak tak siam chhuahna kawng carbon-neutral a pe a ni.
Carbon dioxide fixation atana anabolic pathway thar hian boruak a carbon dioxide level tihhniamna kawngah a pui mai bakah, damdawi leh active ingredients chemical siam chhuah thin chu carbon-neutral biological process hmangin a thlak thei bawk. Research thar chuan formic acid hmanga carbon dioxide chu biochemical industry tana thil hlu takah a chantir theih dan a tarlang.
Greenhouse gas emission pung zel hi ngaihtuah chuan carbon sequestration emaw carbon dioxide emission source lian tak atanga sequestration hi thil pawimawh tak a ni. Nature-ah chuan carbon dioxide assimilation hi kum maktaduai tam tak chhung a lo awm tawh a, mahse a thiltihtheihna hi mihringte siam chhuah (anthropogenic emissions) phuhruk nan a tawk lo hle.
Institute of Terrestrial Microbiology-a Tobias Erb-a kaihhruai zirchiangtute chuan an zirchiangtute chu an zirchiang a ni. Max Planck hian natural tools hmangin carbon dioxide siam that dan thar a siam chhuak thin. Tunah chuan artificial metabolic pathway an siam hlawhtling ta a, chu chuan formic acid atanga highly reactive formaldehyde a siam chhuak a, hei hi artificial photosynthesis-a intermediate awm thei a ni. Formaldehyde hian metabolic pathway engemaw zatah direct-in a lut thei a, thil hlu dang a siam thei a, toxic effect a nei lo. Natural process ang bawkin thil pawimawh pahnih a ngai a, chungte chu energy leh carbon te an ni. A hmasa ber chu ni êng direct chauh ni lovin, electric hmanga pek theih a ni – entirnan, solar module hmanga pek theih a ni.
Value chain-ah chuan carbon source hi a danglam thei hle. Hetah hian carbon dioxide chauh hi duhthlan tur a ni lo, carbon compound pakhat zel (C1 building blocks) zawng zawng kan sawi a ni: carbon monoxide, formic acid, formaldehyde, methanol leh methane. Mahse, heng thil zawng zawng deuhthaw hi thil nung (carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, methanol) tan leh planet (methane chu greenhouse gas angin) tan pawh a tha lo hle. Formic acid chu a basic formate-a neutralized a nih hnuah chauh microorganism tam tak chuan a concentration sang tak chu an tuar thei a ni.
“Formic acid hi carbon source beisei awm tak a ni,” tiin zirchianna ziaktu hmasa ber Maren Nattermann-i chuan a sawi uar hle. “Mahse, in vitro-a formaldehyde-a chantir hian chakna a mamawh hle a ni.” Hei hi a chhan chu formate chi (salt) formatte hi awlsam taka formaldehyde-ah a inthlak theih loh vang a ni. “Hetiang molecule pahnih inkarah hian chemical barrier lian tak a awm a, reaction tak tak kan kalpui hmain biochemical energy – ATP hmangin kan hneh a ngai a ni.”
Zirchiangtute thil tum ber chu sum leh pai lama harsatna zawk zawn a ni. A nihna takah chuan, carbon chu metabolism-a luhtirna atana chakna mamawh tlem poh leh, chakna tam zawk chu thanlenna emaw, siam chhuah emaw tichak turin hman theih a ni. Mahse chutiang kawng chu nature-ah a awm lo. Tobias Erb-a chuan, “Hybrid enzyme an tih, hna hrang hrang thawk thei hmuhchhuahna chuan thil siam chhuah thiamna engemaw zat a mamawh a ni,” a ti. "Amaherawhchu, candidate enzyme hmuhchhuah hi a bul tanna chauh a ni. Reaction chhiar dun theih kan sawi a, a chhan chu a slow em em a ni—a then phei chuan enzyme khatah second khatah reaction pakhat aia tlem a awm thin. Natural reaction hi a let sangkhat zeta chak zawkin a kal thei a ni." Hetah hian synthetic biochemistry a lo chhuak a ni, tiin Maren Nattermann-i chuan a sawi: “Enzyme siam dan leh a awm dan i hriat chuan khawiah nge i inrawlh tur tih i hria a, a hlawkpui hle a ni,” a ti.
Enzyme optimization hian kawng hrang hrang a huam a, chungte chu specialized building block exchange, random mutation generation, leh capacity selection te an ni. “Formate leh formaldehyde pahnih hi cell wall-ah an lut thei a, a chhan chu an inhmeh hle a, cell culture medium-ah hian formate kan dah belh thei a, chu chuan enzyme a siam a, chu chuan darkar engemaw zat hnuah formaldehyde lo chhuak chu non-toxic yellow dye-ah a chantir a ni,” tiin Maren chuan a sawi. Nattermann chuan a hrilhfiah a.
Chutiang hun rei lote chhunga result chu high-throughput method hman loh chuan a awm thei dawn lo. Chutiang ti tur chuan zirchiangtute hian Germany khawpui Esslingen-a industrial partner Festo nen an thawkdun a ni. Maren Nattermann-i chuan: “Vairation 4,000 vêl hnuah kan yield chu a let liin kan tipung a ni,” a ti. “Chutiang chuan biotechnology-a microbial workhorse model microorganism E. coli formic acid-a lo thanglian zelna tur bulpui kan siam ta a ni. Mahse, tun dinhmunah chuan kan cell-te hian formaldehyde chauh an siam thei a, an inthlak danglam thei lo.”.
Institute of Plant Molecular Physiology atanga a thawhpui Sebastian Wink nen thawhhona an nei a ni. Tunah hian Max Planck zirchiangtute chuan intermediate la chhuak thei tur leh central metabolism-a luhtir thei tur strain an siam mek a ni. Hetihlai hian he team hian Institute of Chemical Energy Conversion-a working group nen carbon dioxide chu electrochemical hmanga formic acid-a a chantir dan tur zirchianna an nei mek a ni. Max Planck chu Walter Leitner kaihhruaina hnuaiah a ni. Hun rei tak chhunga thil tum chu electrobiochemical process hmanga siam carbon dioxide atanga insulin emaw biodiesel ang chi thil siam thlengin “one-size-fits-all platform” a ni.
Thuhmahruai: Maren Nattermann, Sebastian Wenk, Pascal Pfister, Hai He, Seung Hwang Lee, Witold Szymanski, Nils Guntermann, Faiying Zhu “phosphate-a innghat formate chu formaldehyde-a in vitro leh in vivo-a chantirna tur cascade thar siam chhuah”, Lennart Nickel. , Charlotte Wallner, Jan Zarzycki, Nicole Pachia, Nina Gaisert, Giancarlo Francio, Walter Leitner, Ramon Gonzalez leh Tobias J. Erb te chuan May 9, 2023 khan Nature Communications.DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38072-w
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