Heta kan tarlan ang cement factory te hi boruak tichhe thei carbon dioxide siam chhuahna lian tak an ni. Mahse heng boruak bawlhhlawh thenkhat hi fuel chi thara siam theih a ni. He chi hi kum sawm tam tak emaw a aia rei emaw him takin dah theih a ni.
Hei hi boruak inthlak danglamna tikhawtlai thei, a nghawng tihtlem thei, emaw, khawtlang nun inthlak danglam chak tak hmachhawn thei tura pui thei tur technology leh thiltih tharte thlirletna series-a thawnthu dang a ni.
Greenhouse gas tlanglawn tak, carbon dioxide (CO2) chhuahna thiltih hian khawvel boruak a ti lum thei hle. Thli atanga CO2 lakchhuah a, dahkhawm tumna hi thil thar a ni lo. Mahse tih a harsa a, a bik takin miten an lei theih hunah chuan tih a harsa hle. System thar hian CO2 bawlhhlawh buaina chu kawng danglam deuhin a chinfel sak a ni. Climate-warming gas chu chemical hmangin fuel-ah a chantir a ni.
November 15 khan Cambridge-a Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-a zirchiangtute chuan an result thar ber chu Cell Reports Physical Science journal-ah an tichhuak a ni.
An system thar hi hmun hnih ah then a ni. A ṭhen hmasa ber chu boruak aṭanga carbon dioxide chu formate an tih molecule-a chantir a, fuel siam chhuah a ni. Carbon dioxide ang bawkin formate-ah hian carbon atom pakhat leh oxygen atom pahnih a awm a, chubakah hydrogen atom pakhat a awm bawk. Formate-ah hian element dang engemaw zat a awm bawk. He zirchianna tharah hian formate salt hman a ni a, hei hi sodium emaw potassium emaw atanga lak chhuah a ni.
Fuel cell tam zawk hi hydrogen hmanga kalpui a ni a, hei hi gas kang thei a ni a, phurh chhuah nan pipeline leh pressurized tank a ngai a ni. Mahse, fuel cell pawh formate hmangin a kal thei bawk. Formate hian hydrogen nena tehkhin theih energy content a nei a, hei hi system thar siamna kaihruaitu materials scientist Li Ju chuan a sawi. Formate hian hydrogen aiin thatna engemaw zat a nei tih Li Ju chuan a sawi. A him zawk a, high-pressure storage a ngai lo.
MIT-a zirchiangtute chuan formate test nan fuel cell an siam a, hei hi carbon dioxide aṭanga siam chhuah a ni. A hmasa berin chi chu tui nen an chawhpawlh a. Chumi hnuah chuan fuel cell-ah dah a ni. Fuel cell chhungah chuan formate hian chemical reaction hmangin electron a chhuah tir a. Heng electron te hi fuel cell negative electrode atanga positive electrode ah an luang lut a, electrical circuit a zo ta a ni. Heng electron luang chhuak—electric current—te hi experiment neih chhung hian darkar 200 chhung zet a awm a.
MIT-a Li nena thawk dun materials scientist Zhen Zhang chuan a team hian kum sawm chhungin technology thar hi an scale thei dawn tih a beisei.
MIT research team hian chemical method hmangin carbon dioxide chu fuel siamna atana thil pawimawh takah an chantir a ni. A hmasa berin alkaline sang tak solution-ah an dah a. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) an thlang a, chu chu lye tia hriat lar a ni. Hei hian chemical reaction a tichhuak a, chu chuan sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) a siam a, chu chu baking soda tia hriat lar zawk a ni.
Tichuan power chu an on ta a. Electrical current hian chemical reaction thar a siam a, baking soda molecule chhunga oxygen atom zawng zawng chu a then darh vek a, sodium formate (NaCHO2) a hnutchhiah ta a ni. An system hian CO2-a carbon awm zawng zawng deuhthaw — zaa 96 aia tam — chu he chi-ah hian a chantir vek a ni.
Oxygen lakchhuahna atana energy mamawh chu formate chemical bonds-ah a awm reng a ni. Professor Li chuan formate hian he chakna hi kum sawm tam tak chhung chu chakna awm thei hloh lovin a khawlkhawm thei tih a sawi. Chumi hnuah fuel cell a paltlang chuan electric a siam chhuak leh thin. Formate siamna atana electric hman chu ni, thli emaw tui hmanga electric siam a nih chuan fuel cell atanga electric siam chhuah chu chakna thianghlim tak a ni ang.
Technology thar hi tihpun nan Lee chuan, “lye geological resources hausa tak kan zawn a ngai a ni,” a ti. Lung chi khat, alkali basalt (AL-kuh-lye buh-SALT) an tih chu a zir chiang a. Tui nena an inhmeh chuan heng lungte hi lye-ah an chang ta a ni.
Farzan Kazemifar hi California-a San Jose State University-ah engineer a ni a, a hnathawhna hmunah hian a hlawhtling hle. A zirchiannaah hian lei hnuaia chi (salt formation)-a carbon dioxide dahkhawmna lam a ni. Thli atanga carbon dioxide lakchhuah hi thil harsa tak a ni fo a, chuvang chuan a man a to hle niin a sawi bawk. Chuvangin CO2 hi formate ang chi hman theih tur thila chantir hi a hlawkthlak hle. A thil siam man hian a siam chhuah man a khum thei a ni.
Thli atanga carbon dioxide lakchhuah dan tur zirchianna tam tak a awm tawh a. Entirnan, tun hnai khan Lehigh University-a scientist team pakhat chuan boruak atanga carbon dioxide filter a, baking soda-a chantir dan dang an sawi a. Research group dangte chuan CO2 hi lung bikah an dahkhawm a, solid carbon-ah an chantir a, chu chu ethanol, alcohol fuel-ah an siam thei a ni. Heng project tam zawk hi chu a tenau tak a ni a, boruakah carbon dioxide sang tak tihtlem kawngah nghawng lian tham a la nei lo.
He thlalak hian in pakhat, carbon dioxide hmanga kal a ni. Heta hmanrua kan hmuh hian carbon dioxide (bubble sen leh var chhunga molecule awmte) chu formate (bubble blue, red, white, leh black) an tih salt-ah a chantir a ni. Chumi hnuah chuan he chi hi fuel cell-ah electric siam chhuah nan hman theih a ni.
Kazemifar chuan kan duhthlan tur ṭha ber chu “greenhouse gas emission tihtlem hmasak” a ni, a ti. Chutianga tih theih dan pakhat chu fossil fuel aiah renewable energy sources thli emaw ni emaw hmanga thlak hi a ni. Hei hi scientist-te’n “decarbonization” an tih transition pakhata tel a ni. Mahse climate change tihtawp nan chuan kawng hrang hranga hmalakna a ngai dawn tih a sawi bawk. He technology thar hi decarbonize harsana hmuna carbon man theihna turin a mamawh a ni, a ti. Steel mill leh cement factory te hi han la ila, entirnan pahnih sawi ila.
MIT team hian an technology thar leh ni leh thli hmanga chakna an hman dun hian hlawkna an hmu bawk. Traditional battery hi kar tam tak chhung chakna khawlkhawm thei tura siam a ni. Thlasik ni êng chu thlasik emaw a aia rei emaw dahkhawmna atan chuan kawng danglam tak a ngai a ni. “Formate fuel hmang hian,” Lee chuan a ti a, seasonal storage-ah pawh i innghat tawh lo. “generational a ni thei.”
Rangkachak angin a eng lo mai thei a, mahse “Ka fapate leh ka fanute hnenah hian ton 200... formate ka hnutchhiah thei a ni,” tiin Lee chuan a sawi a, “rochan angin.”
Alkaline: Solution-a hydroxide ion (OH-) siamtu chemical thil sawina adjective. Heng solution te hi alkaline (acidic nen a danglam) an ti bawk a, pH 7 aia sang an nei bawk.
Aquifer: Lei hnuaia tui dahkhawmna hmuna awm thei lungphun. He thumal hi subsurface basins-ah pawh hman a ni.
Basalt: Tlang kang lung dum, a tlangpuiin a hnim hle (volcanic eruption-in gas pocket lian tak tak a hnutchhiah loh chuan).
bond: (chemistry-ah chuan) molecule chhunga atom (or atom group) inkara semi-permanent connection. Atom telte inkara attractive force atanga siam a ni. Bond a lo awm tawh chuan atom te chu unit angin an thawk ta a ni. A siamtu atom hrang hrangte inthen darh tur chuan molecule-te hnenah hian heat emaw radiation dang emaw ang chi energy pek a ngai a ni.
Carbon: Leilung chunga nungcha zawng zawngte taksa peng hrang hranga awm, chemical element a ni. Carbon hi graphite leh diamond angin zalen takin a awm a. Coal, limestone leh petroleum-a thil pawimawh tak a ni a, chemical hmanga inzawmkhawmin chemical, biological leh sumdawnna atana hlutna nei molecule chi hrang hrang a siam thei a ni. (Climate research-ah) Carbon tih thumal hi a châng chuan carbon dioxide nêna inthlâk danglam deuh maiin hman a ni a, chu chu thiltih, thil siam, policy, a nih loh leh thil kalphung pakhatin boruak lumna hun rei tak chhûnga nghawng a neih theih dân sawina atân a ni.
Carbon dioxide: (or CO2) hi rannung zawng zawngin an thawh chhuah oxygen chu an ei tur carbon tamna nen a inrem chuan rawng nei lo, rim nei lo gas a ni. Carbon dioxide hi organic matter, fossil fuel, oil emaw natural gas emaw hal a nih chuan a chhuak bawk. Carbon dioxide hi greenhouse gas a ni a, khawvel boruak a lumna a trap thei a ni. Thlai te hian photosynthesis hmangin carbon dioxide chu oxygen ah an chantir a, chu chu anmahni ei tur siam nan an hmang thin.
Cement: Thil pahnih inzawmkhawmna atana hman thin binder, a khauh a, solid-a siam, emaw, thil pahnih inzawmkhawmna atana hman thin glue thuk tak emaw. (Construction) Sand emaw lung chi hrang hrang emaw inzawmkhawma concrete siamna atana hman thin, a hmin tha tak. Cement hi powder anga siam a ni tlangpui. Mahse vawikhat a hnim chuan muddy slurry-ah a chang a, a vawt chuan a khauh ta a ni.
Chemical: Atom pahnih emaw a aia tam emaw inzawmkhawm (bonded) atanga siam, proportion leh structure ruat sa. Entirnan, tui hi chemical substance, oxygen atom pakhata hydrogen atom pahnih inzawmkhawm atanga siam a ni. A chemical formula chu H2O a ni. “Chemical” hi adjective atan pawh hman theih a ni a, chu chu compound hrang hrang inkara thil thleng hrang hrang avanga thil awm dan sawina atan hman theih a ni.
Chemical bond: Atom inkara inzawmna chakna, inzawmna nei element te chu unit anga thawk thei khawpa chak a ni. Attraction thenkhat chu a chak lo a, thenkhat chu a chak bawk. Bond zawng zawng hian electron insem (or share tum) hmangin atom te chu an thlunzawm niin a lang.
Chemical reaction: Thil pakhat chu a taksa pianphung (eg, solid atanga gas-a) inthlak danglam ai chuan a molecule emaw structure emaw siam thar lehna a ni.
Chemistry: science branch pakhat, thil awm dan, a insiam dan, a nihna leh a inzawmna te zirchiangtu a ni. Scientist-te chuan he hriatna hi thil hriat loh zir chianna atan te, thil tangkai tak tak tam tak siam chhuah nan te, thil tangkai tak tak design leh siam nan emaw an hmang thin. (of chemical compounds) Chemistry hian compound formula, a siam dan emaw, a property thenkhat emaw a kawk bawk. Hemi lama thawkte hi Chemist an ti a. (social sciences-ah chuan) mipuite thawhhona, inrem tawnna leh inpawlna nuam tak an neih theihna.
Climate change: Leilung boruak inthlak danglamna langsar tak, hun rei tak chhunga awm thei. Hei hi a pianphungah emaw, mihring thiltih avanga thleng thei a ni a, chutah chuan fossil fuel hal leh ramngaw tihfai te pawh a tel a ni.
Decarbonization: tih hian boruak bawlhhlawh carbon-based greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide leh methane te chu boruakah pe chhuaktu technology, activity leh energy source atanga tumruh taka inthlak danglamna a kawk a ni. A tum ber chu boruak inthlak danglamna thlentu carbon gas tihtlem a ni.
Electricity: Electrical charge luang chhuak, a tlangpuiin electron an tih negative charged particle te kalna atanga lo chhuak a ni.
Electron: negative charged particle, atom pawn lam bial vel a vel tlangpui; solid-a electric phurtu a ni bawk.
Engineer: Science leh Mathematics hmanga harsatna sutkian thiam mi. Verb anga hman a nih chuan engineer tih thumal hian harsatna emaw, mamawh phuhruk loh emaw chinfelna atana hmanrua, thil, a nih loh leh process design a kawk a ni.
Ethanol: Zu, ethyl alcohol tia koh bawk, ​​zu in tur, beer, wine, leh spirits te siamna bulpui ber a ni. Solvent leh fuel atan pawh hman a ni (entir nan, gasoline nena chawhpawlh fo).
Filter: (n.) Thil engemaw, a lian leh te emaw, a mizia dang emaw a zirin, thil thenkhat kal tlang theihna tur leh thenkhat kal theihna tur thil. (v.) Thil thenkhat chu a property te, size, density, charge, etc. atanga thlan dan (physics-ah) Thil pakhat screen, plate emaw layer emaw, light emaw radiation dang emaw hiptu emaw, a component thenkhat kal tlang lohna tura thlan bik taka vengtu emaw.
Formate: Formic acid salt emaw ester emaw sawina tlangpui a ni a, chu chu fatty acid oxidized form a ni. (Ester chu carbon-based compound a ni a, acid thenkhat hydrogen atom te chu organic group chi hrang hrang hmanga thlak a ni. Thau leh essential oil tam tak hi naturally occurring esters of fatty acids an ni.)
Fossil fuel: Fuel eng pawh, lungalhthei, petroleum (crude oil), a nih loh leh natural gas ang chi, Leilung chhunga kum maktaduai tam tak chhunga bacteria, thing leh mau, a nih loh leh rannung hnuhma chhe tak tak atanga lo piang chhuak.
Fuel: Controlled chemical emaw nuclear reaction hmanga chakna pe chhuak thei thil eng pawh. Fossil fuel (coal, natural gas, leh oil) te hi fuel tlanglawn tak a ni a, a lum (a tlangpuiin kang thei khawpa) a nih chuan chemical reaction hmangin energy a chhuak thin.
Fuel cell: Chemical energy chu electrical energy-ah a chantir thei. Fuel hman tlanglawn ber chu hydrogen a ni a, a by-product awmchhun chu water vapor a ni.
Geology: Leilung pianphung, a thil siam, a chanchin leh a chunga thil thlengte nena inzawm zawng zawng sawina adjective. Hemi lama thawkte hi Geologist an ti a.
Global warming: Greenhouse effect avanga khawvel boruak lum zawng zawng a san zauh zauh. Chu nghawng chu boruakah carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons leh gas dang tam lutuk vang a ni a, heng zinga tam tak hi mihring thiltih atanga chhuak a ni.
Hydrogen: Universe-a element rit ber a ni. Gas a nih angin rawng a nei lo va, rim a nei lo va, a kang thei hle bawk. Fuel, thau leh tissue nung siamtu chemical tam takah a tel a ni. Proton (nucleus) leh a chhehvel electron atanga siam a ni.
Innovation: (v. thil thar siam; adj. thil thar siam) Ngaihtuahna, kalphung emaw thil siam chhuah tawh chu a thar zawk, a fing zawk, a hlawk zawk, a tangkai zawka siam tura siamthat emaw siamthat emaw.
Lye: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution tih hming tlangpui. Lye hi thlai hriak emaw ran thau emaw leh thil dang nena chawhpawlh bar soap siam nan an hmang fo thin.
Materials scientist: Thil pakhat atomic leh molecular structure inzawmna leh a property zawng zawng zirchiangtu a ni. Materials scientist-te chuan thil thar an siam thei a, a awmsa pawh an zirchiang thei bawk. Material pakhat property pum pui, density, strength, leh melting point te thlirletna hian engineer leh zirchiangtu dangte chu hmanraw thar atana hmanraw tha ber ber thlan nan a pui thei a ni.
Molecule: Electrically neutral atom pawl, chemical compound tlem ber aia tlem ber aiawhtu. Molecules hi atom chi khat emaw, atom chi hrang hrang emaw atanga siam theih a ni. Entirnan, boruaka oxygen awm chu oxygen atom pahnih (O2) atanga siam a ni a, tui hi hydrogen atom pahnih leh oxygen atom pakhat (H2O) atanga siam a ni.
Pollutant: Thil pakhat, boruak, tui, mihring, ei leh in emaw tibawlhhlawh thei thil. Pollutant thenkhat chu chemical, pesticide ang chi te an ni. Pollutant dangte chu radiation a ni thei a, chutah chuan lum lutuk emaw, eng emaw pawh a tel thei. Weeds leh invasive species dangte pawh hi biofouling chi khat anga ngaih theih a ni.
Potent: Thil chak tak emaw thiltithei tak (germ, poison, damdawi, acid ang chi) sawina adjective.
Renewable: Hun tiam nei loa thlak theih (tui, thing leh mau, ni êng, leh thli ang chi) resource sawina adjective. Hei hi non-renewable resources nen a danglam hle a, supply tlemte chauh neiin a taka hmanral theih a ni. Non-renewable resources-ah hian oil (leh fossil fuel dang) emaw, element leh mineral tlemte chauh emaw a tel.