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Kum 2005 khan consumer goods company lian Colgate-Palmolive chuan North American laundry detergent sumdawnna chu chhuahsanin Fab leh Dynamo ang chi thil siamte chu Phoenix Brands hnenah a hralh a ni. Kum thum hnuah consumer goods company dang Unilever chuan American detergent product line All leh Wisk telin Sun Products hnenah a hralh leh ta a ni.
Private company tenau zawk pahnih hnena a sumdawnna hralh a nih avangin US laundry detergent-a P&G-in high-end market a neih chu a dodal lo tluk a ni. Ngaihven awm tak chu Procter & Gamble hian hnehna an puang lo.
Dik tak chuan kum 2014 khan Alan G. Lafley, chutih laia Procter & Gamble (P&G) CEO chuan Unilever inhnuhdawh chu a pawi a ti hle a ni. Detergent market-a middle market a hneh thu sawiin, P&G thil siamte chu high-end market-ah a innghat ber a, chutih rualin low-end product chu inelpui pathum nen a pe chhuak thung. Procter & Gamble hi brand lar tak tak Tide and Gain te marketer a ni a, a man pawh a tlawm hle. US-a laundry detergent sumdawnna 60% vel a luah a, mahse hei hi sumdawnna a ding reng a, company thil siam leh a inelpui te inkarah hian man inthlauhna nasa tak a awm a ni.
Kum khat hnuah a inelpui pakhat German company Henkel chuan thil a ti nghing ta a ni. Company hian an European detergent ṭha tak Persil chu United States-ah an rawn pholang a, Wal-Mart kaltlangin chauh an hralh hmasa a, chumi hnuah Target ang retailer-ah an hralh chhuak leh a ni. Kum 2016 khan Henkel hian Sun Products a lei a, thil a ti buai zual hle.
Persil tlangzarh a nih tak avangin laundry detergent sumdawnna chu a tinung thar leh a, mahse Lafley-a beisei aia chak zawk a ni mai thei. Nikum May thla khan “Consumer Report” magazine-in Henkel-a thil siam thar zinga pakhat, Persil ProClean Power-Liquid 2in1, American detergent ṭha ber a thlan khan amah leh P&G executive dangte chu an mangang hle a ni. Lallukhum khum inkhawm hian kum tam tak chhunga a vawi khat nan Tide chu pahnihnaah a hruai lut a ni.
Procter & Gamble (Chastened), Procter & Gamble (P&G) chuan an product hmingthang ber Tide Ultra Stain Release chu kum 2016 khan an siam thar leh a, company chuan surfactants an dah belh a, tui engemaw zat an paih chhuak tih an sawi a, hei hian formula denser leh concentrated zawk a siam a, hei hian stain removal a ti tha thei a ni. Magazine chuan a hnu lama Consumer Reports analysis-ah chuan he product hi a chung berah a awm tih a sawi a, mahse statistically-ah chuan a pawimawh lo hle.
Tun hnaiah Consumer Reports chuan Tide Plus Ultra stain release agent leh Persil ProClean Power-Liquid 2-in-1 te chu United States-a laundry detergent tha ber pahnih ah an tarlang a. C&EN hian he dinhmun thlentu thil telte a enfiah ang a, chubakah a hman dan leh siamtute pawh a enfiah ang.
Tun hnaiah Consumer Reports chuan Tide Plus Ultra stain release agent leh Persil ProClean Power-Liquid 2-in-1 te chu United States-a laundry detergent tha ber pahnih ah an tarlang a. C&EN hian he dinhmun thlentu thil telte a enfiah ang a, chubakah a hman dan leh siamtute pawh a enfiah ang.
Henkel hian American consumer-te'n high-end laundry detergent lei mekte chu P&G hi nasa takin a dodal dawn em tih sawi a la hma hle. Mahse P&G-a formulation chemist-te hian inelna an neih loh avangin an lungawi lo tih an hriat chuan an paih chhuak ngei ang.
Surfactant Supplier Pilot Chemical-a application leh technical service manager Shoaib Arif chuan United States-ah chuan Tide leh Persil te hi sumdawnna atana thil tha tak tak an nih thu leh performance level paliah then theih an nih thu a sawifiah. Kum tam tak chhung chu Arif leh Pilot scientist dangte chuan inchhung bungrua company tam tak chu detergent thar leh tihfai nan hmanraw dang siam turin an pui tawh a ni.
Low-end market-ah chuan super economical detergent a ni. Arif sawi dan chuan surfactant man tlawm tak chauh a awm thei a, chu chu linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LABS) bakah a thlum leh a rawng a awm thei bawk. Product stage dang ah chuan surfactant adjuvants emaw builders emaw, sodium citrate, tackifier leh second surfactant te dah tel theih a ni.
LABS hi anionic surfactant a ni a, puan atanga thil chi hrang hrang paih chhuahna kawngah a tha a, cotton puanah pawh a thawk tha hle. Surfactant hman tlanglawn pahnihna chu ethanol ethoxylate a ni a, non-ionic surfactant a ni a, LABS aiin a thawk tha zawk a, a bik takin synthetic fiber atanga grease leh bawlhhlawh paih nan a thawk tha zawk a ni.
Layer pathumnaah chuan formulator te chuan optical brighteners man tlawm zawkin an dah belh thei bawk. Heng optical brighteners te hian ultraviolet light chu an absorb a, blue area ah an chhuah tir a, thawmhnaw chu a eng zawkin a lang. Chutiang formulation-ah chuan surfactant tha zawk, chelating agents, builder dang leh anti-redeposition polymers te hmuh tur a awm fo a, chu chuan wash water atanga bawlhhlawh chu a man thei a, chu chu puan chungah a awm leh tawh loh nan a hmang thei a ni.
Detergent man to ber berte hi surfactant loading sang tak leh surfactant dang chi hrang hrang, alcohol sulfates, alcohol ethoxy sulfates, amine oxides, fatty acid soap leh cations te an ni. Exotic soil capture polymers (a then chu Procter & Gamble leh Henkel ang company tan siam) leh enzyme te pawh he category-ah hian an tel ve bawk.
Mahse, Arif chuan thil telte khawlkhawm hian harsatna a keng tel tih a vaukhân a ni. A tlem berah chuan detergent siam hi science a ni a, chemist-te chuan chemical components quality, surfactant-te surface activity ang chi te hi an hre chiang hle.
Ani chuan heti hian a sawifiah a: “Amaherawhchu, formula siam a nih veleh heng zawng zawng hian nghawng a nei vek ang a, formula hnuhnung berin eng nge a tih ang tih chiang takin i sawi thei lo vang,” tiin a sawifiah a ni. “Nun tak takah a thawk tha em tih enfiah turin i la test a ngai a ni.”
Entirnan, surfactant leh builder te hian enzyme activity a titawp thei a ni, tiin Arif chuan a sawi. Detergent siamtute hian he harsatna hi chinfel nan enzyme stabilizer (sodium borate leh calcium formate ang chi) an hmang thei a ni.
Battelle-a World Detergent Project-a principal research scientist Franco Pala chuan premium detergent brand-a surfactant tamna awmte pawhin harsatna a thlen thei tih a sawi. “Hetiang zat zat hian surfactant tam tak dah hi thil awlsam a ni lo,” tiin Pala chuan a sawifiah. Solubility chu harsatna a lo ni ta a, surfactant inkara inzawmna tha lo pawh chu harsatna a lo ni ta a ni.
Pala kaihhruai multi-client Battelle program hi kum 1990 chho tir lam khan khawvel puma cleaning product brand lian ber berte composition thlirletna atanga tan a ni. Battelle hian scientific instrument hrang hrang hmangin brand neitute leh raw material supplier-te chu ingredient list kaltlanga kal turin a pui a, entirnan, surfactant-te ethoxylation degree emaw, surfactant backbone chu linear emaw branched emaw a nih leh nih loh hriatthiamna a pe a ni.
Para chuan tunlai hian polymers chu detergent ingredients-a thil thar siam chhuahna pawimawh tak a nih thu a sawi. Entirnan, Tide leh Persil product pahnihah hian polyethyleneimine ethoxylate a awm a, hei hi BASF-in Procter & Gamble atana an siam, bawlhhlawh hip thei polymer a ni a, mahse tunah chuan detergent siamtute tan chuan a zau zawkin a awm ta a ni.
Pala chuan terephthalic acid copolymers hi detergent tha tak tak thenkhatah pawh a awm tih a tarlang a, hei hian puan chu silfai laiin a khuh ang a, a hnua silfai hunah bawlhhlawh leh bawlhhlawh paih a awlsam phah dawn a ni. Battelle hian gel permeation chromatography ang chi hmanrua hmangin polymer te chu a thliar hrang a, chumi hnuah infrared spectroscopy hmangin an structure a hriat theih nan a hmang a ni.
Battelle program hian enzyme te pawh a ngaihven hle a, hei hi biotech product a ni a, kum tin siamtute chuan an siam that zel a ni. Enzyme hnathawh dan tehna atan Pala-a team chuan enzyme hi chromophore awmna substrate-ah an dah a. Enzyme hian substrate a tihchhiat chuan chromophore chu a chhuak a, absorption emaw fluorescence spectroscopy hmangin a teh thin.
Protease beitu proteases hi kum 1960 chho tawp lam khan detergent-a enzyme dah hmasak ber a ni. A hnu lama arsenal-a enzyme dah belh zingah hian starch tichhe thei amylase leh guar gum atana thickener tichhe thei mannanase te pawh a tel. Guar awmna chaw (ice cream leh barbecue sauce ang chi) chu thawmhnaw chungah a theh chuan chewing gum chu silfai hnuah pawh thawmhnaw chungah a awm reng ang. Fabric-ah a inthun a, granular dirt atan glue ang maiin hman a ni a, stain a siam a, chu chu paih harsa tak a ni.
Persil ProClean Power-Liquid 2in1 leh Tide Ultra Stain Release te hian protease, amylase leh mannanase te a pai vek a.
Persil hian lipase (thau a ti chhe thei) leh cellulase (cotton fiber-a glycosidic bonds thenkhat hydrolyze hmanga indirect-a tihfai theih) te pawh a pai a, chu chuan fiber-a bawlhhlawh inzawm chu a paih chhuak thin. Cellulase hian cotton a ti nem thei bawk a, a rawng a ti eng thei bawk. Chutih rual chuan patent document-a a lan dan chuan tidal detergent-a thil danglam bik chu glucanase a ni a, hei hian amylase-in a tihchhiat theih loh polysaccharide a ti chhe thei a ni.
Novozymes leh DuPont te hi hun rei tak chhung chu enzyme siamtu lian ber an ni a, mahse tun hnaiah BASF hian proteases angin sumdawnna a rawn luhchilh ta a ni. Nikum fall-a Germany-a Cleaning Products Conference neihah BASF chuan an protease thar leh polyethyleneimine ethoxylate te inzawmkhawm chu an promote a, he mixture hian low-temperature washing atana detergent siam duh customer-te tan performance tichak zawk a nih thu an sawi.
Dik tak chuan Arif leh market enkawltu dangte chuan detergent siamtute chu energy hman tlem emaw, natural source atanga boruak humhalh ngai emaw thil siam phalsak chu industry-a ramri dang a nih thu an sawi. Nikum May thla khan P&G chuan an iconic brand version Tide Purclean an tlangzarh a, he brand-a thil siam zinga 65% chu thlai aṭanga siam a ni. Tichuan October thla khan Unilever chuan US detergent market-a lut leh turin plant detergent leh tihfai thil dang siamtu Seventh Generation chu a lei leh ta a ni.
Thil siamna atana hmanraw ṭha ber berte chu chawimawina dawng thei detergent-a chantir chu thil harsa tak ni mah se, “tunah hian thil thleng hi a pianphung a ni zawk,” tiin Arif chuan a sawi. “Customer-te chuan, ‘Engtin nge natural-derived product, mihring leh boruak tana toxic lo zawk, mahse a la thawk tha thei chu kan siam theih ang?”